class Gtk::ConstraintLayout

• Gtk::ConstraintLayout
• Gtk::LayoutManager
• GObject::Object
• Reference
• Object

Overview

A layout manager using constraints to describe relations between widgets.

Gtk::ConstraintLayout is a layout manager that uses relations between widget attributes, expressed via Gtk::Constraint instances, to measure and allocate widgets.

How do constraints work

Constraints are objects defining the relationship between attributes of a widget; you can read the description of the Gtk::Constraint class to have a more in depth definition.

By taking multiple constraints and applying them to the children of a widget using Gtk::ConstraintLayout, it's possible to describe complex layout policies; each constraint applied to a child or to the parent widgets contributes to the full description of the layout, in terms of parameters for resolving the value of each attribute.

It is important to note that a layout is defined by the totality of constraints; removing a child, or a constraint, from an existing layout without changing the remaining constraints may result in an unstable or unsolvable layout.

Constraints have an implicit "reading order"; you should start describing each edge of each child, as well as their relationship with the parent container, from the top left (or top right, in RTL languages), horizontally first, and then vertically.

A constraint-based layout with too few constraints can become "unstable", that is: have more than one solution. The behavior of an unstable layout is undefined.

A constraint-based layout with conflicting constraints may be unsolvable, and lead to an unstable layout. You can use the Gtk::Constraint#strength property of Gtk::Constraint to "nudge" the layout towards a solution.

Gtk::ConstraintLayout as Gtk::Buildable

Gtk::ConstraintLayout implements the Gtk::Buildable interface and has a custom "constraints" element which allows describing constraints in a Gtk::Builder UI file.

An example of a UI definition fragment specifying a constraint:

WARNING ⚠️ The following code is in xml ⚠️

  <object class="Gtk::ConstraintLayout">
    <constraints>
      <constraint target="button" target-attribute="start"
                  relation="eq"
                  source="super" source-attribute="start"
                  constant="12"
                  strength="required" />
      <constraint target="button" target-attribute="width"
                  relation="ge"
                  constant="250"
                  strength="strong" />
    </constraints>
  </object>

The definition above will add two constraints to the Gtk::ConstraintLayout:

• a required constraint between the leading edge of "button" and the leading edge of the widget using the constraint layout, plus 12 pixels
• a strong, constant constraint making the width of "button" greater than, or equal to 250 pixels

The "target" and "target-attribute" attributes are required.

The "source" and "source-attribute" attributes of the "constraint" element are optional; if they are not specified, the constraint is assumed to be a constant.

The "relation" attribute is optional; if not specified, the constraint is assumed to be an equality.

The "strength" attribute is optional; if not specified, the constraint is assumed to be required.

The "source" and "target" attributes can be set to "super" to indicate that the constraint target is the widget using the Gtk::ConstraintLayout.

There can be "constant" and "multiplier" attributes.

Additionally, the "constraints" element can also contain a description of the Gtk::ConstraintGuides used by the layout:

WARNING ⚠️ The following code is in xml ⚠️

  <constraints>
    <guide min-width="100" max-width="500" name="hspace"/>
    <guide min-height="64" nat-height="128" name="vspace" strength="strong"/>
  </constraints>

The "guide" element has the following optional attributes:

• "min-width", "nat-width", and "max-width", describe the minimum, natural, and maximum width of the guide, respectively
• "min-height", "nat-height", and "max-height", describe the minimum, natural, and maximum height of the guide, respectively
• "strength" describes the strength of the constraint on the natural size of the guide; if not specified, the constraint is assumed to have a medium strength
• "name" describes a name for the guide, useful when debugging

Using the Visual Format Language

Complex constraints can be described using a compact syntax called VFL, or Visual Format Language.

The Visual Format Language describes all the constraints on a row or column, typically starting from the leading edge towards the trailing one. Each element of the layout is composed by "views", which identify a Gtk::ConstraintTarget.

For instance:

[button] - [textField]

Describes a constraint that binds the trailing edge of "button" to the leading edge of "textField", leaving a default space between the two.

Using VFL is also possible to specify predicates that describe constraints on attributes like width and height:

  // Width must be greater than, or equal to 50
  [button(>=50)]

  // Width of button1 must be equal to width of button2
  [button1(==button2)]

The default orientation for a VFL description is horizontal, unless otherwise specified:

  // horizontal orientation, default attribute: width
  H:[button(>=150)]

  // vertical orientation, default attribute: height
  V:[button1(==button2)]

It's also possible to specify multiple predicates, as well as their strength:

  // minimum width of button must be 150
  // natural width of button can be 250
  [button(>=150@required, ==250@medium)]

Finally, it's also possible to use simple arithmetic operators:

  // width of button1 must be equal to width of button2
  // divided by 2 plus 12
  [button1(button2 / 2 + 12)]

Included Modules

• Gtk::Buildable

Defined in:

Constructors

• .new : self

  Creates a new Gtk::ConstraintLayout layout manager.

Class Method Summary

• .g_type : UInt64

  Returns the type id (GType) registered in GLib type system.

Instance Method Summary

• #add_constraint(constraint : Gtk::Constraint) : Nil

  Adds a constraint to the layout manager.

• #add_constraints_from_description(lines : Enumerable(String), hspacing : Int32, vspacing : Int32, views : Pointer(Void)) : GLib::List

  Creates a list of constraints from a VFL description.

• #add_guide(guide : Gtk::ConstraintGuide) : Nil

  Adds a guide to layout.

• #observe_constraints : Gio::ListModel

  Returns a GListModel to track the constraints that are part of the layout.

• #observe_guides : Gio::ListModel

  Returns a GListModel to track the guides that are part of the layout.

• #remove_all_constraints : Nil

  Removes all constraints from the layout manager.

• #remove_constraint(constraint : Gtk::Constraint) : Nil

  Removes constraint from the layout manager, so that it no longer influences the layout.

• #remove_guide(guide : Gtk::ConstraintGuide) : Nil

  Removes guide from the layout manager, so that it no longer influences the layout.

Constructor Detail

Class Method Detail

Instance Method Detail